Liver failure

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Liver failure Classification & external resources
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ICD-10	K 72.9}}
ICD-9	}}
ICD-O:	}}
OMIM	[1] }}
DiseasesDB	5728 }}
MedlinePlus	[2] }}
eMedicine	search \| topic list \| med/990 }} }}
MeSH	D017093 }}
MeSH	{{{MeshNumber}}}}}

Liver failure is the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic function as part of normal physiology. Two forms are recognised:^[1]

Acute liver failure - development of hepatic encephalopathy (confusion, stupor and coma) and decreased production of proteins (such as albumin and blood clotting proteins) within four weeks of the first symptoms (such as jaundice) of a liver problem. "Hyperacute" liver failure is said to be present if this interval is 7 days or less, while "subacute" liver failure is said to be present if the interval is 5-12 weeks.
Chronic liver failure usually occurs in the context of cirrhosis, itself potentially the result of many possible causes, such as excessive alcohol intake, hepatitis B or C, autoimmune, hereditary and metabolic causes (such as iron or copper overload or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease).

References

↑ O'Grady JG, Schalm SW, Williams R. Acute liver failure: redefining the syndromes. Lancet 1993;342:273-5. PMID 8101303.

{{#if:|}}{{#if:Esophagitis - GERD - Achalasia - Boerhaave syndrome - Nutcracker esophagus - Zenker's diverticulum - Mallory-Weiss syndrome - Barrett's esophagus|{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#if:Esophagus Stomach/
duodenum HerniaNoninfective enteritis and colitisOther intestinalLiver/hepatitisAccessory digestiveOther/general|false|true}}|true|}}}}{{#if:Esophagus|}}{{#if:|}}}}{{#if:Peptic (gastric/duodenal) ulcer - Gastritis - Gastroenteritis - Duodenitis - Dyspepsia - Pyloric stenosis - Achlorhydria - Gastroparesis - Gastroptosis - Portal hypertensive gastropathy|{{#if:Stomach/
duodenum|}}}}{{#if:Inguinal (Indirect, Direct) - Femoral - Umbilical - Incisional - Diaphragmatic - Hiatus|{{#if:Hernia|}}}}{{#if:IBD (Crohn's, Ulcerative colitis) - noninfective gastroenteritis|{{#if:Noninfective enteritis and colitis|}}}}{{#if:vascular (Abdominal angina, Mesenteric ischemia, Ischemic colitis, Angiodysplasia) - Ileus/Bowel obstruction (Intussusception, Volvulus) - Diverticulitis/Diverticulosis - IBS
other functional intestinal disorders (Constipation, Diarrhea, Megacolon/Toxic megacolon, Proctalgia fugax) - Anal fissure/Anal fistula - Anal abscess - Rectal prolapse - Proctitis (Radiation proctitis)|{{#if:Other intestinal|}}}}{{#if:Alcoholic liver disease - Liver failure (Acute liver failure) - Cirrhosis - PBC - NASH - Fatty liver - Peliosis hepatis - Portal hypertension - Hepatorenal syndrome|{{#if:Liver/hepatitis|}}}}{{#if:Gallbladder (Gallstones, Choledocholithiasis, Cholecystitis, Cholesterolosis, Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses)

Biliary tree (Cholangitis, Cholestasis/Mirizzi's syndrome, PSC, Biliary fistula, Ascending cholangitis)

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{{#ifeq:\|plain\|\|{{#if:\| \| }}{{#ifeq:1\|1\|\|This box: }}{{#ifeq:\|1\|{{#if:\|view\|v}}\|{{#if:1\|v\|view}} • {{#if:1\|d\|talk}} • {{#if:1\|e\|edit}}}}{{#if:\|</span> \| }} }} Digestive system - Gastroenterology (primarily K20-K93, 530-579)

	Esophagus	Esophagitis - GERD - Achalasia - Boerhaave syndrome - Nutcracker esophagus - Zenker's diverticulum - Mallory-Weiss syndrome - Barrett's esophagus
Stomach/ duodenum	Peptic (gastric/duodenal) ulcer - Gastritis - Gastroenteritis - Duodenitis - Dyspepsia - Pyloric stenosis - Achlorhydria - Gastroparesis - Gastroptosis - Portal hypertensive gastropathy
Hernia	Inguinal (Indirect, Direct) - Femoral - Umbilical - Incisional - Diaphragmatic - Hiatus
Noninfective enteritis and colitis	IBD (Crohn's, Ulcerative colitis) - noninfective gastroenteritis
Other intestinal	vascular (Abdominal angina, Mesenteric ischemia, Ischemic colitis, Angiodysplasia) - Ileus/Bowel obstruction (Intussusception, Volvulus) - Diverticulitis/Diverticulosis - IBS other functional intestinal disorders (Constipation, Diarrhea, Megacolon/Toxic megacolon, Proctalgia fugax) - Anal fissure/Anal fistula - Anal abscess - Rectal prolapse - Proctitis (Radiation proctitis)
Liver/hepatitis	Alcoholic liver disease - Liver failure (Acute liver failure) - Cirrhosis - PBC - NASH - Fatty liver - Peliosis hepatis - Portal hypertension - Hepatorenal syndrome
Accessory digestive	Gallbladder (Gallstones, Choledocholithiasis, Cholecystitis, Cholesterolosis, Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses) Biliary tree (Cholangitis, Cholestasis/Mirizzi's syndrome, PSC, Biliary fistula, Ascending cholangitis) Pancreas (Acute pancreatitis, Chronic pancreatitis, Pancreatic pseudocyst, Hereditary pancreatitis)
Other/general	Appendicitis - Peritonitis (Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis) Malabsorption (celiac, Tropical sprue, Blind loop syndrome, Whipple's) postprocedural: Gastric dumping syndrome - Postcholecystectomy syndrome bleeding: Hematemesis - Melena - Gastrointestinal bleeding (Upper, Lower)
	See also congenital